中国国防支出的就业效应分析

本文研究了1978-2007年间中国国防支出对就业水平的影响,结果表明：（1）中国国防支出与就业水平之间存在长期的均衡关系;（2）长期来看,国防支出与就业水平之间存在双向格兰杰因果关系;（3）不论在长期还是在短期,中国的国防支出对就业水平都没有促进作用,可能的原因是我国国防支出的增加主要用于引进先进的军事技术、装备以及提高军人福利待遇上,从而对就业的影响很小。因此,我国国防支出应适当向军事领域的人力资本投入和军事科研经费投入上倾斜,这样可以加速国外先进技术和装备的本土化进程,进而加快军用技术的民用化,减少国防支出的＂挤出＂效应,从而实现国防开支与就业的良性循环。     

Estimating the impact of rural investments in Nepal

As a largely rural society, most people in Nepal still depend upon agriculture as their major livelihood strategy. Therefore, it is important to improve the allocation efficiency of limited public expenditures to promote agricultural growth and poverty reduction. However, evaluating the returns of public investment is limited by methodological challenges. We use hedonic and panel data methods to examine the returns to different types of rural public investments including roads, irrigation and extension advice. The use of diverse identification strategies reduces the risk of using a narrower set of results driven primarily by a particular methodology. We find that rural roads and irrigation are one of the most productive public expenditures according to the benefit-cost ratio calculations, though the magnitudes of these ratios depend on methodology.     

施工企业应用资金收支两条线管理模式的意义

本文介绍了企业资金收支两条线管理模式的定义和运用措施,阐述了其在施工企业资金集中管理中应用的重要意义。     

我国国防供给可持续发展状况分析

建国以来,我国国防建设与经济建设是否相协调是一个很值得研究的问题。本文从作为国防供给的国防费角度出发,运用统计方法进行了定量分析,从而对1952—2005年间的国防供给可持续发展状况做出了基本判断。     

财政分权对区域产业外商投资的影响研究

本文借鉴Beck、Laeven和Levine（2008）模型将地区和产业特征相结合，利用我国2001—2007年29个省级区域25个细分工业行业数据，实证分析了财政分权程度的地区差异对省级区域行业外商投资的影响。研究发现财政分权较高地区的资本密集度大的行业外商投资较多，这一结论不受控制变量以及内生性问题的影响，是稳健的、可信的。根据外商投资来源地的不同将外商投资分为国外投资、港澳台投资的分别研究发现，地区财政分权对国外资本和港、澳、台资本投资吸引存在明显的差异性，在资本密集度较大的行业，加强地区财政分权将会吸引更多的国外投资，但对港、澳、台投资作用却不明显。     

Empirical studies on the relationship between public and private investment and GDP growth

This study performs empirical studies on the interaction between public and private investment and GDP growth for Japan and the USA. Since the data for each country used show features that are quite different from each other, empirical methods of GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) and OLS (Ordinary Least squares) are accordingly applied to Japan and the USA, respectively. The empirical results suggest that both public and private investment make great contributions to Japanese economic growth, while the US private investment seems to play a much more significant role than public investment.     

Exploring cruise ship passenger spending patterns in two Uruguayan ports of call

The cruise industry has become a significant component of the Uruguayan tourism economy in the last few years. The present study aims to provide a better understanding of the cruise industry by considering the expenditure of cruise ship passengers disembarking at the ports of call of Montevideo and Punta del Este as a key variable in the economic analysis of the costs and benefits. We estimate two cross-sectional regression models for cruise passenger expenditures, and show that the size of the group the visitors travel with and visitor mobility within the country are the most important variables to explain individual expenditure behaviour. We also include some management recommendations that policy-makers could implement in order to improve the economic profits from cruise ship tourism.     

优化我国财政支出探讨

我国财政支出总体趋势与经济发展进程是基本同步的，但我国财政支出结构目前仍存在一定的问题，还不能完全适应新时期经济与社会发展的要求，如经济建设支出比重偏高、社会公共事业投入不足、行政管理费增长过快、国防费比重偏低等。因此应当调整经济建设支出，强化社会文教支出，控制行政经费的过快增长，增加国防资金投入，推进国防现代化建设。     

The scheduling and organization of periodic associative computation: Essential networks

This paper defines and characterizes essential decentralized networks for calculating the associative aggregate of one or more cohorts of data. A network is essential if it is not possible to eliminate an instruction or manager and still calulate the aggregate of each cohort. We show that for essential networks, the graphs that depict the operations and data dependencies are trees or forests. These results assist in the characterization of efficient networks. Received: 15 October 1994 / Accepted: 6 March 1997